Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
showing 10 items of 1829 documents
Molecular surveillance of norovirus, 2005–16 : an epidemiological analysis of data collected from the NoroNet network
2018
BACKGROUND: The development of a vaccine for norovirus requires a detailed understanding of global genetic diversity of noroviruses. We analysed their epidemiology and diversity using surveillance data from the NoroNet network.METHODS: We included genetic sequences of norovirus specimens obtained from outbreak investigations and sporadic gastroenteritis cases between 2005 and 2016 in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. We genotyped norovirus sequences and analysed sequences that overlapped at open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2. Additionally, we assessed the sampling date and country of origin of the first reported sequence to assess when and where novel drift variants originated.FINDINGS: W…
Nitric oxide enhances Th9 cell differentiation and airway inflammation
2014
International audience; Th9 cells protect hosts against helminthic infection but also mediate allergic disease. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO) promotes Th9 cell polarization of murine and human CD4(+) T cells. NO de-represses the tumour suppressor gene p53 via nitrosylation of Mdm2. NO also increases p53-mediated IL-2 production, STAT5 phosphorylation and IRF4 expression, all essential for Th9 polarization. NO also increases the expression of TGFβR and IL-4R, pivotal to Th9 polarization. OVA-sensitized mice treated with an NO donor developed more severe airway inflammation. Transferred Th9 cells induced airway inflammation, which was exacerbated by NO and blocked by anti-IL-9 antibody.…
Non-eosinophilic Airway Hyper-reactivity in Mice, Induced by IFN-γProducing CD4+and CD8+Lung T cells, is Responsive to Steroid Treatment
2014
Non-eosinophilic asthma is characterized by infiltration of neutrophils into the lung and variable responsiveness to glucocorticoids. The pathophysiological mechanisms have not been characterized in detail. Here, we present an experimental asthma model in mice associated with non-eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). For this, BALB/c mice were sensitized by biolistic DNA immunization with a plasmid encoding the model antigen β-galactosidase (pFascin-βGal mice). For comparison, eosinophilic airway inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of βGal protein (βGal mice). Intranasal challenge of mice in both groups induced AHR to a comparable extent as w…
GOLD 2017 on the way to a phenotypic approach? Analysis from the Phenotypes of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe (POPE) Cohort.
2017
The distribution of patients based on exacerbations solely is the most profound consequence of the 2017 GOLD Report http://ow.ly/4UJa309fLbM
Quantitative analysis of airway obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
2020
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, cystic lung disease with progressive pulmonary function loss caused by progressively proliferating LAM cells. The degree of airway obstruction has not been well investigated within the pathogenesis of LAM. Using a combination of ex vivo computed tomography (CT), microCT and histology, the site and nature of airway obstruction in LAM explant lungs was compared with matched control lungs (n=5 each). The total number of airways per generation, total airway counts, terminal bronchioles number and surface density were compared in LAM versus control. Ex vivo CT analysis demonstrated a reduced number of airways from generation 7 on (p<0.0001) in LAM compar…
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critically involved in basal and fluoxetine-stimulated adult hippocampal cell proliferation and in anxiety,…
2011
Intensive research is devoted to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms mediating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its regulation by antidepressants, and its behavioral consequences. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in the CNS, where its function is unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, the relevance of MIF expression for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We identify MIF expression in neurogenic cells (in stem cells, cells undergoing proliferation, and in newly proliferated cells undergoing maturation) in the subgranular zone of the rodent dentate gyrus. A causal function for MIF in cell proliferation was shown using genetic (M…
Obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer’s disease-related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment
2020
Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that sleep-breathing disorders, and especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), can be observed in patients with a higher risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-biomarkers are associated with OSA. In this study, we investigated these associations in a sample of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition that is considered the first clinical phase of AD, when patients showed biomarkers consistent with AD pathology. A total of 57 patients (mean age = 66.19; SD = 7.13) with MCI were included in the study. An overnight polysomnography recording was used to assess objec…
Cytoprotective effect of resveratrol diastereomers in CHO-K1 cells exposed to beauvericin
2015
Beauvericin (BEA) causes cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in CHO-K1 cells. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with multiple biological properties, including antioxidant effects. RSV has two forms: trans and cis. The aims of this study were to determine the cytoprotective effect of trans-RSV and diastereomers mixtures (50:50 trans/cis-RSV and 70:30 trans/cis-RSV) incubated alone and in combination with BEA in ovarian (CHO-K1) cells. The results demonstrated that cell viability increases (from 9% to 77%) when they were exposed to low concentration of RSV. Moreover, when the cells were pre-treated with RSV and then exposed to BEA, a cytoprotective effect (from 25% to…
Maximal degree of airway narrowing induced by methacholine and adenosine monophosphate: relationship with the decrease in forced vital capacity.
2010
Background Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) may represent an indirect method for the detection of plateau in response to inhaled bronchoconstrictor agents. Objective To determine the relationship between the level of plateau obtained with either methacholine or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and the decrease in FVC induced by each bronchoconstrictor agent. Methods Airway responsiveness to high concentrations of methacholine and AMP was determined in patients with intermittent asthma (n = 41) or allergic rhinitis (n = 26). Furthermore, allergen-induced changes in the response to each bronchoconstrictor agent were investigated in 18 pollen-sensitive patients. Concentration-response curve…
Lung microenvironments and disease progression in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2022
Rationale: Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by sensitization to an inhaled allergen. Objectives: To identify the molecular determinants associated with progression of fibrosis. Methods: Nine fHP explant lungs and six unused donor lungs (as controls) were systematically sampled (4 samples/lung). According to microcomputed tomography measures, fHP cores were clustered into mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis groups. Gene expression profiles were assessed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, xCell, gene ontology, and structure enrichment analysis. Gene expression of the prevailing molecular traits was also compared with idiopathi…